Confluence Data Center and Server Privilege Escalation

Name:Confluence Data Center and Server Privilege Escalation
id:115bebac-0976-4f7d-a3ec-d1fb45a39a11
version:11
date:None
author:Michael Haag, Splunk
status:production
type:TTP
Description:The following analytic identifies potential exploitation attempts on a known vulnerability in Atlassian Confluence, specifically targeting the /setup/*.action* URL pattern. It leverages web logs within the Splunk 'Web' Data Model, filtering for successful accesses (HTTP status 200) to these endpoints. This activity is significant as it suggests attackers might be exploiting a privilege escalation flaw in Confluence. If confirmed malicious, it could result in unauthorized access or account creation with escalated privileges, leading to potential data breaches or further exploitation within the environment.
Data_source:

• -Nginx Access

search:| tstats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime FROM datamodel=Web
WHERE Web.url IN ("*/setup/setupadministrator.action*", "*/setup/finishsetup.action*", "*/json/setup-restore-local.action*", "*/json/setup-restore-progress.action*", "*/json/setup-restore.action*", "*/bootstrap/selectsetupstep.action*") Web.status=200
BY Web.http_user_agent, Web.status Web.http_method,
Web.url, Web.url_length, Web.src,
Web.dest, sourcetype
| `drop_dm_object_name("Web")`
| `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
| `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
| `confluence_data_center_and_server_privilege_escalation_filter`

how_to_implement:To successfully implement this search you need to be ingesting information on Web traffic that include fields relavent for traffic into the `Web` datamodel.
known_false_positives:False positives may be present with legitimate applications. Attempt to filter by dest IP or use Asset groups to restrict to confluence servers.
References:
  -https://confluence.atlassian.com/security/cve-2023-22515-privilege-escalation-vulnerability-in-confluence-data-center-and-server-1295682276.html
  -https://confluence.atlassian.com/security/cve-2023-22518-improper-authorization-vulnerability-in-confluence-data-center-and-server-1311473907.html
  -https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2023/10/04/etr-cve-2023-22515-zero-day-privilege-escalation-in-confluence-server-and-data-center/
  -https://attackerkb.com/topics/Q5f0ItSzw5/cve-2023-22515/rapid7-analysis
drilldown_searches:
 name:'View the detection results for - "$dest$"'
 search:'%original_detection_search% | search dest = "$dest$"'
 earliest_offset:'$info_min_time$'
 latest_offset:'$info_max_time$'
 name:'View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$dest$"'
 search:'| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$dest$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
 earliest_offset:'7d'
 latest_offset:'0'
analytic_story:['CVE-2023-22515 Privilege Escalation Vulnerability Confluence Data Center and Server', 'Confluence Data Center and Confluence Server Vulnerabilities']

asset_type:Web Server

mitre_attack_id:['T1190']

product:['Splunk Enterprise', 'Splunk Enterprise Security', 'Splunk Cloud']

category:web

security_domain:network

tags:

tests:
 name:'Nginx Positive Test'
 attack_data:
  data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1190/confluence/nginx_plus_kv_confluence.log
  source: nginx:plus:kv
  sourcetype: nginx:plus:kv
 test_type:'unit'
manual_test:None