UPSTYLE

S1164

Malware.View on attack.mitre.org

About this malware

UPSTYLE is a Python-based backdoor associated with exploitation of Palo Alto firewalls using CVE-2024-3400 in early 2024. UPSTYLE has only been observed in relation to this exploitation activity, which involved attempted install on compromised devices by the threat actor UTA0218.

Techniques used12

Procedure examples12

TechniqueProcedure example
T1001.001
Junk Data

UPSTYLE retrieves a non-existent webpage from the command and control server then parses commands from the resulting error logs to decode commands to the web shell.

T1027.013
Encrypted/Encoded File

UPSTYLE stores primary content as base64-encoded objects.

T1036
Masquerading

UPSTYLE has masqueraded filenames using examples such as `update.py`.

T1057
Process Discovery

UPSTYLE has the ability to read `/proc/self/cmdline` to see if it is running as a monitored process.

T1059.006
Python

UPSTYLE is a Python-based application.

T1070.004
File Deletion

UPSTYLE removes `bootstrap.min.css` after parsing command and control instructions, restoring the file to its original state.

T1070.006
Timestomp

UPSTYLE restores timestamps to original values following modification.

T1102.003
One-Way Communication

UPSTYLE parses encoded commands from error logs after attempting to resolve a non-existing webpage from the command and control server.

T1140
Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information

UPSTYLE encodes its main content prior to loading via Python as base64-encoded blobs.

T1546
Event Triggered Execution

UPSTYLE creates a `.pth` file beginning with the text `import` so that any time another process or script attempts to reference the modified item the malicious code will also run.

T1665
Hide Infrastructure

UPSTYLE attempts to retrieve a non-existent webpage from the command and control server resulting in hidden commands sent via resulting error messages.

T1685.006
Clear Linux or Mac System Logs

UPSTYLE clears error logs after reading embedded commands for execution.

Groups that use it0

None recorded.

Campaigns1

References2

  1. Palo Alto MidnightEclipse APR 2024 Open source
    Unit 42. (2024, April 12). Threat Brief: Operation MidnightEclipse, Post-Exploitation Activity Related to CVE-2024-3400 . Retrieved January 15, 2025.
  2. Volexity UPSTYLE 2024 Open source
    Volexity Threat Research. (2024, April 12). Zero-Day Exploitation of Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in GlobalProtect (CVE-2024-3400). Retrieved November 20, 2024.

Data from MITRE ATT&CK® (Enterprise). ATT&CK® is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.